In 2002, synthetic intelligence was nonetheless in winter. Regardless of many years of effort, desires of bestowing computer systems with human-like cognition and real-world understanding had not materialized. To search for a manner ahead, a small group of scientists gathered for “The St. Thomas Widespread Sense Symposium.” AI pioneer Marvin Minsky was the central presence, alongside along with his protégé Pushpinder Singh. After the symposium, Minsky, Singh, and famend thinker Aaron Sloman printed a paper on the group’s concepts for learn how to attain human-like AI.
The paper speaks to the struggles of early-century AI. However one sentence really stands out at the moment. In a short paragraph of acknowledgements, the authors say, “This assembly was made attainable by the beneficiant assist of Jeffrey Epstein.” The symposium itself, in actual fact, was held within the Virgin Islands, dwelling of Epstein’s now-notorious island retreat. Trying again at this occasion reveals one thing concerning the state of AI—in addition to the symposium’s execrable funder.
To the disgrace of the expertise and science communities, a voracious sexual predator managed to purchase his manner into relationships with among the most outstanding and influential figures within the discipline. Epstein’s connections, which included Invoice Gates and Minsky, have been exhaustively documented. In a deposition, Epstein survivor Virginia Giuffre alleged she was directed to have intercourse with Minsky at Epstein’s island; Minsky’s spouse—who says she accompanied the scientist when he visited Epstein, and that they solely went to the New York and Palm Seashore residences—has vehemently denied the cost, which was made shortly earlier than Minsky’s dying and was not revealed till a lot later. Epstein died in jail in 2019 (don’t ask me to interrupt down the conspiracy theories in a single measly paragraph) and Giuffre tragically took her personal life in 2025.
For the overwhelming majority of Epstein’s connections in science and tech, skilled affiliation with a sexual predator grew to become an embarrassing, even damning, truth. Epstein penetrated the interior circles of those worlds, funding small gatherings attended by bold-faced names. (I actually was on the infamous 2002 “Billionaire Dinner” at TED the place Epstein mingled with Sergey Brin, Jeff Bezos, Rupert Murdoch, singer Naomi Judd, and outstanding scientists, together with some who flew in on Epstein’s aircraft.) One entry level to these circles was literary agent John Brockman, whose shopper checklist included prime names in science. Epstein largely funded Brockman’s nonprofit science-oriented basis.
A supply of mine who knew Epstein properly defined that the financier appeared genuinely fascinated by scientists. The supply says they’d no data of his crimes. They agreed to debate Epstein solely on the situation of anonymity. “I skilled him as this eccentric, rich man who appreciated to encompass himself with fascinating folks and scientists and who had quite a lot of questions concerning the world,” the supply says. “He was as within the persona of the scientist as he was with the scientist’s work.” Epstein himself apparently understood why he was welcomed in these circles. “I am no more than a hobbyist in science,” he advised journalist Jeffrey Mervis in 2017. “However cash I perceive, [and] I am a reasonably good mathematician.”
Invite Solely
Epstein’s spectre casts a darkish shadow on the 2002 symposium. However how did the occasion even come to be? My supply gave me the beforehand unreported backstory. “Jeffrey used to say how fond he was of Marvin and the way a lot he cherished speaking to him about AI,” the supply says. In these years, the topic wasn’t highly regarded. “It was a time when folks have been actually skeptical about whether or not AI had legs,” my supply mentioned. So the thought arose to host a small AI gathering with Minsky on the middle. (It’s not clear whether or not the funding for the occasion got here from a $100,000 donation made by Epstein to assist Minksy’s analysis.)
After some deliberation, it was determined the occasion would middle on concepts from Minsky’s star pupil, Singh. In 1996, Singh had written a brief paper referred to as “Why AI Failed.” To get human-like intelligence, he argued, “we’d like techniques with common sense data and versatile methods to make use of it. The difficulty is that constructing such techniques quantities to ’fixing AI.’” As robust as that’s, he wrote, “Now we have no alternative however to face it head on.” (Invoice Gates noticed the paper and commented, “I believe your observations concerning the AI discipline are appropriate.”)
Presumably, the St. Thomas symposium was one strategy to face the issue head-on. However the occasion was onerous to prepare. An early checklist of attainable members lacked star energy and needed to be augmented. Finally, the visitor checklist grew to incorporate Roger Schank, a celebrated AI theorist whose obituary was marred by attending the occasion and by serving a short spell as chief studying officer of Trump College. One other participant was Doug Lenat, the inventor of the formidable CYC mission, which concerned people painstakingly typing explanations of on a regular basis objects right into a database for AI analysis. Additionally in attendance was Vernor Vinge, a science fiction author who’s credited with the idea of the AI singularity. UK thinker Sloman, now approaching 90, was one of many later additions. “I used to be not on Epstein’s authentic invitation checklist,” he emailed me earlier this week. “I used to be added on the suggestion of Marvin Minsky, partly as a result of by then I used to be serving to to oversee his pupil (Push Singh).” Sloman says his reminiscence of the occasion is weak. However, he recollects, “I appear to keep in mind that Epstein supplied lavish sources, together with utilizing a non-public aircraft to get us to the placement.”
